How to Install MediaWiki with Nginx on Ubuntu 24.04

Install Nginx HTTP server on Ubuntu

Nginx is a web server you need to run your MediaWiki site on Ubuntu 24.04. To install Nginx, open your terminal and run the commands sudo apt update followed by sudo apt install nginx to download and set up the web server on your system.

To do that, open the Ubuntu terminal and run the commands below to install the 💿 Nginx web server.

sudo apt update
sudo apt install nginx

Once Nginx is installed, the commands below can start, stop, and enable the Nginx web server to start automatically when your server boots up.

sudo systemctl stop nginx
sudo systemctl start nginx
sudo systemctl enable nginx

You can test the Nginx web server by opening your web browser and browsing to the server’s local host or IP address.

http://localhost

When you see "Welcome to nginx!" the Nginx HTTP server has been installed.

Additional help on installing Nginx on Ubuntu is in the link below.

How to install Nginx on Ubuntu

Install MariaDB database server on Ubuntu

MariaDB is the database server your MediaWiki site uses to store all its articles and user data on Ubuntu 24.04. To install MariaDB, open your terminal and run the update command followed by sudo apt install mariadb-server to get the database running.

To install and use the MariaDB database server, use the instructions below.

Open the Ubuntu terminal and run the commands below to install the MariaDB database server.

sudo apt update
sudo apt install mariadb-server

Once the MariaDB database server is installed, use the commands below to stop, start, and enable the MariaDB server to start automatically when the server boots.

sudo systemctl stop mariadb
sudo systemctl start mariadb
sudo systemctl enable mariadb

Run the following commands to validate and test if the MariaDB database server is installed successfully.

sudo mariadb

Once you run the commands above, it will log you onto the MariaDB console and display a message similar to the one below.

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 32
Server version: 10.11.2-MariaDB-1 Ubuntu 23.04

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> 

The message tells you that the server is installed successfully.

Additional help on installing MariaDB.

• How to install MariaDB on Ubuntu Linux
• MariaDB without password prompt

Create a MediaWiki database

MediaWiki requires a dedicated database and a user account with full permissions to store and manage your wiki content. You can create the database named mediawikidb and a corresponding user called mediawikidbuser by logging into the MariaDB command prompt and running the required SQL setup commands.

As part of the setup, we will create a database named 'mediawikidb' and a corresponding user account called 'mediawikidbuser.'

Finally, we'll grant the mediawikidbuser full access to the mediawikidb database.

All the database steps above can be done using the commands below:

But first, log on to the MariaDB database server:

sudo mariadb

Then run the commands below to complete the steps:

CREATE DATABASE mediawikidb CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
CREATE USER mediawikidbuser@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'type_your_password_here';
GRANT ALL ON mediawikidb.* TO mediawikidbuser@localhost WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
exit

Install PHP-FPM on Ubuntu

PHP-FPM is required because MediaWiki is built using PHP and needs these extensions to process site requests on your Ubuntu server. To install PHP-FPM along with necessary modules like php-mysql and php-intl, open your terminal and run the apt install command with all the required package names.

Run the commands below to install PHP-FPM.

sudo apt install php-fpm php-intl php-mysql php-curl php-cli php-zip php-xml php-gd php-common php-mbstring php-xmlrpc php-json php-sqlite3 php-soap php-zip

Additional help on installing PHP

How to install PHP on Ubuntu Linux

Download MediaWiki files

MediaWiki installation files are available directly from the official website as a compressed archive. You can download the latest version of the software straight to your server by visiting the official release page, grabbing the direct download link, and using the wget command inside your server temporary folder.

MediaWiki download page

Replace the download link below with the current so you have the latest version.

First, navigate to the /tmp/ directory and download MediaWiki files. After unzipping the file, move the content into the MediaWiki folder in the Nginx root directory.

The final step is to change the permissions. This will allow the Nginx web server to safely interact with the files, ensuring a secure environment for your MediaWiki installation.

cd /tmp/
curl -O https://releases.wikimedia.org/mediawiki/1.41/mediawiki-1.41.1.tar.gz
tar -xvzf mediawiki-*.tar.gz
sudo cp -rf mediawiki-*/ /var/www/mediawiki
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/mediawiki/

Once all the steps are done, configure the Nginx webserver to serve the MediaWiki content.

Run the commands below to create a Nginx server block file for MediaWiki.

sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/mediawiki.conf

Then, copy and paste the content block below into the Nginx server block.

server {
        listen 80;
        listen [::]:80;
        server_name mediawiki.example.com;

        root /var/www/mediawiki;
        index index.php;
   
        error_log /var/log/nginx/mediawiki.error;
        access_log /var/log/nginx/mediawiki.access;

        location / {
                try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php;
        }

        location ~ .php$ {
            fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.3-fpm.sock;
            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
            include fastcgi_params;
            include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
        }
}

Save the file.

You can enable the virtual host by running the command `sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/your_domain.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/` and then restart the Nginx server with `sudo systemctl restart nginx` to apply the changes.

sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/mediawiki.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
sudo systemctl restart nginx.service

Setup Let's Encrypt SSL/TLS for MediaWiki

Let's Encrypt provides free SSL/TLS certificates to secure your MediaWiki site with HTTPS and encrypt traffic between users and your server. You can set up these security certificates alongside your Nginx web server on Ubuntu by following a dedicated configuration guide.

Please read the post below for additional resources on installing and creating Let's Encrypt SSL certificates for Nginx.

How to set up Let's Encrypt SSL certificate for Nginx on Ubuntu Linux

Once you have restarted the Nginx web server, open your browser and browse to the server hostname or IP address defined in the Nginx server block.

http://mediawiki.example.com

A MediaWiki installation wizard page should appear. Click the 'Please set up the wiki first' link and continue.

Next, select the installation language and continue.

Type the database name, account name, and password on the next screen and click continue.

Next, enter your Wiki name, create an administrator account, and continue.

Next, click Continue to begin the installation.

Your MediaWiki site should be set up but not ready to use. Follow the instructions below to complete the setup.

The `LocalSettings.php` file stores your wiki's setup choices. Download the `LocalSettings.php` file and place `LocalSettings.php` in the same folder as `index.php` within your wiki's installation directory. If the `LocalSettings.php` file download does not begin, you can click the "Download LocalSettings.php" link again. You cannot retrieve the generated `LocalSettings.php` file later if you exit the installation without downloading `LocalSettings.php`.

Copy the 'LocalSettings.php' file into the root directory where Mediawiki files are stored.

sudo cp ~/Downloads/LocalSettings.php /var/www/mediawiki

Your Wiki site should be ready to use.

That should do it!

Conclusion:

• Setting up a MediaWiki site on Ubuntu with Nginx provides high performance and low memory usage, ensuring the system's future-proofing.
• Nginx's capability to handle concurrent connections and support for essential features like reverse proxy, load balancing, and SSL/TLS encryption make it a scalable solution for MediaWiki installations.
• The installation process for smooth implementation included setting up Nginx and MariaDB, creating a MediaWiki database, installing PHP-FPM, downloading MediaWiki files, and setting up Let's Encrypt SSL/TLS.
• The post also guided through the MediaWiki setup wizard, demonstrating how to complete the installation and ensure the Wiki site is ready to use.