How to Allow Remote Access to MariaDB in Ubuntu Linux

Install MariaDB Database Server

Installing 💿 MariaDB on Ubuntu Linux takes just two terminal commands using the apt package manager. You can download and set up the MariaDB database server so it runs automatically whenever your computer boots up.

sudo apt update
sudo apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client

After installing 💿 MariaDB, the commands below can be used to stop, start, and enable the MariaDB service always to start up when the server boots…

Run these on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

sudo systemctl stop mariadb.service
sudo systemctl start mariadb.service
sudo systemctl enable mariadb.service

Next, run the commands below to secure the database server with a root password if you were not prompted to do so during the installation…

sudo mysql_secure_installation

When prompted, answer the questions below by following the guide.

• Enter current password for root (enter for none): Just press the Enter
• Set root password? [Y/n]: Y
• New password: Enter password
• Re-enter new password: Repeat password
• Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]: Y
• Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n]: Y
• Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]:  Y
• Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]:  Y

To confirm MariaDB installation success on Ubuntu Linux, run these commands: `sudo systemctl status mariadb` and `sudo mariadb -u root -p`. This verification step ensures the database server is operational before proceeding with remote access setup.

sudo mysql -u root -p

Type the root password when prompted…

If you see a similar screen as shown above, then the server was successfully installed…

Configure MariaDB Remote Access

MariaDB remote access on Ubuntu requires editing the main configuration file to change the bind address. Changing this setting from localhost to 0.0.0.0 lets your database server accept incoming connections from any external IP address.

To allow all IPv4 addresses for MariaDB, set the `bind-address` to `0.0.0.0` in the MariaDB configuration file. This change ensures the MariaDB server accepts connections on all your system's IPv4 interfaces. For IPv6, use `::`.

On Ubuntu systems with a MariaDB database server installed, its default configuration file is located at/etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf

Simply run the commands below to open the MariaDB configuration file.

sudo nano /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf

Depending on your systems, you may find that same configuration file may be at the location below:

sudo nano /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

When the file is opened, search for a line that begins with bind-address, as shown below. Its default value should be 127.0.0.1.

# this is read by the standalone daemon and embedded servers
# this is only for the mysqld standalone daemon
[mysqld]

#
# * Basic Settings
#
user            = mysql
pid-file        = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket          = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port            = 3306
basedir         = /usr
datadir         = /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir          = /tmp
lc-messages-dir = /usr/share/mysql
skip-external-locking

# Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on

# localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure.
bind-address            = 127.0.0.1

#
# * Fine Tuning

What you need to do is change the default value 127.0.0.1 to 0.0.0.0, as shown below:

# this is read by the standalone daemon and embedded servers

# this is only for the mysqld standalone daemon
[mysqld]

#
# * Basic Settings
#
user            = mysql
pid-file        = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket          = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port            = 3306
basedir         = /usr
datadir         = /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir          = /tmp
lc-messages-dir = /usr/share/mysql
skip-external-locking

# Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on
# localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure.
bind-address            = 0.0.0.0

#
# * Fine Tuning

In the same file, you'll want to comment out the line that begins with skip-networking by putting the # before it. Or delete it together. Then save your changes.

Please add the changes above under the [mysqld] section.

After making the change above, save the file and run the commands below to restart the server.

sudo systemctl restart mariadb.service

To verify that the change happens, run the commands below.

sudo apt install net-tools
sudo netstat -anp | grep 3306

, and you should find the result that looks like the one below

tcp       0      0 0.0.0.0:3306          0.0.0.0:*        LISTEN         3213/mysqld

Now, the server is set up to listen to all IP addresses, but individual IP needs to be explicitly configured to connect to a database.

Access from Remote Clients

Granting remote user access in MariaDB requires running specific SQL commands to give users permission to connect from other computers. You can restrict access to a single IP address or allow connections from any remote machine.

For example, if you wish for a client computer with IP address 192.168.1.2 to connect to a database called database_name as user database_user, run the commands below after logging onto the database server.

GRANT ALL ON database_name.* TO 'database_user@192.168.1.2' IDENTIFIED BY 'database_user_password';

• database_name is the name of the database that the user will connect to.
• database_user is the name of the database user.
• 192.168.1.2 is the IP from which the client is connecting.
• database_user_password is the password of the database_user account

After running the commands above, you can access the server from the client computer with that assigned IP.

To connect to the server from the approved IP address, run the commands below

mysql -u database_user -p database_user_password -h database_server

That's it! You've successfully configured remote access to the MariaDB database server.

Ubuntu Firewall

Opening port 3306 in the Ubuntu firewall is required to let remote MariaDB traffic reach your server. You can configure the firewall rules to allow connections from a single trusted IP address or from any external network.

For example, to open the Ubuntu Firewall, allow the IP address 192.168.1.2 to connect to port 3306.

sudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.2 to any port 3306

To allow all IP addresses (not secure), then run the commands below:

sudo ufw allow 3306/tcp

That's it!

Congratulations! You have successfully installed and configured MariaDB to allow remote access.