This post provides a tutorial on converting Drupal websites from HTTP to HTTPS without losing the audience. It gives step-by-step instructions on acquiring free SSL/TLS certificates from Let’s Encrypt, configuring Apache2, and changing the Drupal site URL for HTTPS. The guide also includes the installation of a Secure Login plugin for HTTPS compliance, and setting up automatic certificate renewal using a cron job.
Running your websites and blogs over HTTPS is a good thing. Google and other search engine providers rank sites using SSL/TLS or HTTPS better than those not.
Even today, most website providers make all their customers’ websites HTTPS-compliant by default. So if you’re still running your Drupal websites or blogs not using HTTPS, you’re probably doing it wrong.
This brief tutorial will show students and new users how to easily convert existing Drupal websites from HTTP to HTTPS without losing your audience.
When you’re done, all site traffic will be redirected to the HTTPS version of your content.
To get started with migrating your Drupal sites to HTTPS, continue with the steps below:
Setup Let’s Encrypt Free SSL / TLS
The first step going all HTTPS is obtaining SSL/TLS certificates for your domain or site. Since Let’s Encrypt is free, continue below to receive free certificates.
Before obtaining Let’s Encrypt certificates, ensure your Apache2 Configuration is set up correctly. For example, provide your site config file that defines the ServerName and ServerAlias.
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin admin@example.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/drupal/
ServerName example.com
ServerAlias www.example.com
.
.
When those settings are confirmed, continue below to get the certificate for your domain name.
To get the Let’s Encrypt SSL/TLS client installed on Ubuntu, run the commands below
sudo apt-get install python-certbot-apache
After that, run the commands below to obtain your site’s free Let’s Encrypt SSL/TLS certificate.
sudo certbot --apache -m admin@example.com -d example.com -d www.example.com
After running the above commands, you should get prompted to accept the licensing terms. If everything is checked, the client should automatically install the free SSL/TLS certificate and configure the Nginx site to use the certs.
Please read the Terms of Service at
https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.2-November-15-2017.pdf. You must
agree in order to register with the ACME server at
https://acme-v01.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(A)gree/(C)ancel: A
Choose Yes ( Y ) to share your email address.
Would you be willing to share your email address with the Electronic Frontier
Foundation, a founding partner of the Let's Encrypt project and the non-profit
organization that develops Certbot? We'd like to send you email about EFF and
our work to encrypt the web, protect its users and defend digital rights.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Y)es/(N)o: Y
This is how easy it is to obtain your free SSL/TLS certificate for your Nginx-powered website.
Please choose whether or not to redirect HTTP traffic to HTTPS, removing HTTP access. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1: No redirect - Make no further changes to the webserver configuration. 2: Redirect - Make all requests redirect to secure HTTPS access. Choose this for new sites, or if you're confident your site works on HTTPS. You can undo this change by editing your web server's configuration. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Select the appropriate number [1-2] then [enter] (press 'c' to cancel): 2
Pick option 2 to redirect all traffic over HTTPS. This is important!
After that, the SSL client should install the cert and configure your website to redirect all traffic over HTTPS.
Congratulations! You have successfully enabled https://example.com and https://www.example.com You should test your configuration at: https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=example.com https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=www.example.com ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- IMPORTANT NOTES: - Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at: /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem Your key file has been saved at: /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem Your cert will expire on 2018-02-24. To obtain a new or tweaked version of this certificate in the future, simply run certbot again with the "certonly" option. To non-interactively renew *all* of your certificates, run "certbot renew" - If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by: Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt: https://letsencrypt.org/donate Donating to EFF: https://eff.org/donate-le
The highlighted code block should be added automatically to your Apache2 Drupal configuration file automaticEncrypt certbot. After that, your Drupal site is ready to be used over HTTPS.
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin admin@example.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/drupal/
ServerName example.com
ServerAlias www.example.com
<Directory /var/www/html/drupal/>
Options +FollowSymlinks
AllowOverride All
Require all granted
</Directory>
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{SERVER_NAME} =example.com [OR]
RewriteCond %{SERVER_NAME} =www.example.com
RewriteRule ^ https://%{SERVER_NAME}%{REQUEST_URI} [END,NE,R=permanent]
</VirtualHost>
A new configuration file for the domain should also be created named /etc/apache2/sites-available/example-le-ssl.conf. This Apache2 SSL module configuration file should contain the defined certificate definitions.
<IfModule mod_ssl.c>
<VirtualHost *:443>
ServerAdmin admin@example.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/drupal/
ServerName example.com
ServerAlias www.example.com
<Directory /var/www/html/drupal/>
Options +FollowSymlinks
AllowOverride All
Require all granted
</Directory>
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
SSLCertificateFile /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem
Include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-apache.conf
</VirtualHost>
</IfModule>
Change the Drupal Site URL
After configuring Apache2 to use HTTPS above, change Drupal site URL to use HTTPS. This can be done by editing the settings.php file in your Drupal root directory.
sudo nano /var/www/html/example.com/sites/default/settings.php
Open the Drupal settings.php file in your Drupal root directory and add the lines below:
?php //Use HTTPS for Drupal $_SERVER['HTTPS'] = 'on'; $conf['https'] = TRUE; $base_url = 'https://example.com';
Save the file
Now you can log on to the Drupal admin dashboard via HTTPS.
Install Secure Login Plugin
Finally, log in to the Drupal dashboard and install the Secure Login plugin to redirect all HTTP references to HTTPS.
After installing and activating the plugin, go to Configuration –> Secure Login. Then check the box to redirect all pages to the secure URL. Including all forms
This should do it.
After that, your site should be HTTPS compliant.
Congratulations! You’ve successfully converted from HTTP to HTTPS
To set up a process to automatically renew the certificates, add a cron job to execute the renewal process.
sudo crontab -e
Then add the line below and save.
0 1 * * * /usr/bin/certbot renew & > /dev/null
The cron job will attempt to renew 30 days before expiring
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