How to Setup Joomla on Ubuntu with Nginx & Cloudflare

Setting up Cloudflare

First, you need a Cloudflare account. If you don’t have one, sign up at registered a domain name.

https://dash.cloudflare.com/sign-up

Enter your email and click Create Account.

Once logged in, click the “Add a Site” button.

Type in your domain name. registered

Cloudflare will scan your domain for existing records.

Select the free plan.

Cloudflare will give you two nameservers. Log in to your domain registrar (where you bought your domain) and replace your current nameservers with these two.

Example: If your domain is at Google Domains, select “use custom nameservers” and save the new addresses.

It can take up to an hour for these changes to take effect. Check your Cloudflare dashboard until the status says “Active.”

Your DNS entries should now appear in the Cloudflare dashboard.

Go to the SSL/TLS tab and set it to “Full (Strict).”

Scroll down to “Origin Certificates” and click “Create Certificate.”

Let Cloudflare generate the key and click Next.

You will need to create three files on your server using these commands. (Requires admin privileges)

sudo nano /etc/ssl/private/cloudflare_key_example.com.pem

sudo nano /etc/ssl/certs/cloudflare_example.com.pem

Download the Cloudflare Origin Pull certificate here: Set up authenticated Origin pulls · Cloudflare SSL docs

sudo nano /etc/ssl/certs/origin-pull-ca.pem

You now have three files: cloudflare_key_example.com.pem, cloudflare_example.com.pem, and origin-pull-ca.pem.

In the Cloudflare dashboard, turn on “Always Use HTTPS.”

Turn on “Authenticated Origin Pulls” and “Opportunistic Encryption.”

Turn on “Automatic HTTPS Rewrites.”

Go to “Page Rules” and create a rule to always use HTTPS for your domain.

Install and Configure Joomla

Log in to your server. (Requires admin privileges)

Install Nginx:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install nginx

Use these commands to manage the service:

sudo systemctl stop nginx.service
sudo systemctl start nginx.service
sudo systemctl enable nginx.service

Test your server by visiting your site address in a browser.

Install MariaDB Database

Joomla needs a database to store content. Install it with these commands:

sudo apt-get install mariadb-server mariadb-client

Set the service to run on boot:

sudo systemctl stop mysql.service
sudo systemctl start mysql.service
sudo systemctl enable mysql.service

sudo systemctl stop mariadb.service
sudo systemctl start mariadb.service
sudo systemctl enable mariadb.service

Secure your database:

sudo mysql_secure_installation

Follow the on-screen prompts to set a password and remove test settings.

sudo mysql -u root -p

Install PHP

Joomla runs on PHP. Install it with these commands:

sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php

sudo apt update

sudo apt install php7.2-fpm php7.2-common php7.2-gmp php7.2-curl php7.2-intl php7.2-mbstring php7.2-xmlrpc php7.2-mysql php7.2-gd php7.2-xml php7.2-cli php7.2-zip

Edit the configuration file:

sudo nano /etc/php/7.2/fpm/php.ini

Update settings and save:

file_uploads = On
allow_url_fopen = On
short_open_tag = On
memory_limit = 256M
cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0
upload_max_filesize = 100M
max_execution_time = 360
date.timezone = America/Chicago

Restart Nginx:

sudo systemctl restart nginx.service

Create a test file to verify PHP:

sudo nano /var/www/html/phpinfo.php

Visit your site address followed by /phpinfo.php to see the test page.

Create Joomla Database

Log in to the database:

sudo mysql -u root -p

Create the database and user:

CREATE DATABASE joomla;

CREATE USER 'joomlauser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new_password_here';

GRANT ALL ON joomla.* TO 'joomlauser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'user_password_here' WITH GRANT OPTION;

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EXIT;

Install Joomla

Download and extract the latest version:

cd /tmp
wget https://downloads.joomla.org/cms/joomla3/3-9-5/joomla_3-9-5-stable-full_package-zip
sudo unzip -d /var/www/html/example.com /tmp/joomla_3-9-5-stable-full_package-zip

Set permissions:

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/example.com/
sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/example.com/

Configure Nginx for your site:

sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com

Add your domain settings and certificate references:

server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    listen [::]:443 ssl http2;

    server_name  example.com www.example.com;
    root   /var/www/html/example.com;
    index  index.php;

    ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/certs/cloudflare_example.com.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/private/cloudflare_key_example.com.pem;
    ssl_client_certificate /etc/ssl/certs/origin-pull-ca.pem;
    ssl_verify_client on;

     client_max_body_size 100M;

     autoindex off;
  
     location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
      }

    location ~ .php$ {
         include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
         fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.2-fpm.sock;
         fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
         include fastcgi_params;
    }
}

Enable the site:

sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
sudo systemctl restart nginx.service

Visit your domain in a browser to finish the setup wizard.

Enter your database info:

Confirm settings and install:

Remove the installation folder:

Log in to your dashboard:

sudo rm -rf /var/www/html/joomla/installation

Summary

You have successfully installed Joomla on an Ubuntu server protected by Nginx and Cloudflare. You configured a database, added SSL encryption for security, and set up a custom domain. Your site is now ready for content.

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