This post shows steps for students and new users to install Ghost CMS on Ubuntu Linux with Nginx support.
Ghost is a powerful open-source publishing platform built on the Node.js platform for the modern web. Ghost 2.0 introduces many new features, including a powerful new editor, multi-language support, custom homepages, dynamic routes, custom structures, and more.
Ghost is a clean and lightweight platform designed for bloggers who want to focus on blogging and nothing else. Unlike WordPress and other content management systems based on PHP, Ghost is simple in design and function.
No additional packages or servers are needed; it is just JavaScript.
This post will show you how to install Nginx as a proxy, MariaDB, and use the Let’s Encrypt SSL certificate to secure the Ghost website.
For more about Ghost, please visit its homepage.
To get started with installing Ghost on Ubuntu Linux, follow the steps below:
How to install Nginx on Ubuntu Linux
In this post, we will install the Nginx HTTP server to proxy for Ghost. Nginx is lightweight and should be perfect to run with Ghost.
To install Nginx, run the commands below:
sudo apt update sudo apt install nginx
After installing Nginx, the commands below can be used to stop, start, and enable the Nginx service to always start up with the server boots.
sudo systemctl stop nginx.service sudo systemctl start nginx.service sudo systemctl enable nginx.service
Once Nginx is installed, open a web browser and browse to the server hostname or IP address. If you see a Nginx welcome page, it has been successfully installed and is running on Ubuntu.
http://localhost
How to install MariaDB on Ubuntu Linux
We’re going to be using a database server with Ghost. MariaDB is a great place to start if you’re looking for a truly open-source database server.
To install MariaDB, run the commands below:
sudo apt install mariadb-server
After installing MariaDB, the commands below can stop, start, and enable the service to start when the server boots.
sudo systemctl stop mariadb.service sudo systemctl start mariadb.service sudo systemctl enable mariadb.service
After that, run the commands below to secure the MariaDB server by creating a root password, disallowing remote root access, removing anonymity, and more.
sudo mysql_secure_installation
When prompted, answer the questions below by following the guide.
If you've just installed MariaDB, and haven't set the root password yet, you should just press enter here. Enter current password for root (enter for none): PRESS ENTER Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] n Change the root password? [Y/n] n Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y All done!
The latest MariaDB servers have a root user set to use the auth_socket authentication method by default.
The auth_socket plugin authenticates users that connect from the local host through the Unix socket file. You can’t authenticate as a root by providing a password.
This can cause issues with some apps that need to connect to the database via root. To fix that, you’ll need to change the default authentication mechanism from auth_socket to mysql_native_password.
However, doing so might introduce security risks since root users shouldn’t be used to connect remotely to the database. A recommended method is to create a dedicated user to connect remotely to your database servers.
Since you don’t want to connect to the MariaDB database server from phpMyAdmin as the root user, you should probably create a separate account instead of connecting with the root.
Run the commands below to log on to the MariaDB server.
sudo mysql -u root -p
Then, run the SQL commands below to create a new user for Ghost to connect to the database.
CREATE USER 'ghostadmin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'very_strong_password_here';
Then, grant the user full access to manage the database server.
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'ghostadmin'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION;
The server was successfully installed if you see a similar screen.
Create Ghost Database on Ubuntu Linux
Now that you’ve installed all the servers above, continue below to start configuring the servers. First, run the commands below to create a blank Ghost database.
To log on to MariaDB, run the commands below.
sudo mysql -u root -p
Then, create a database called Ghost.
CREATE DATABASE ghost;
Next, use the Ghost account created above and give it access to the Ghost database.
GRANT ALL ON ghost.* TO 'ghostadmin'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Finally, save your changes and exit.
FLUSH PRIVILEGES; EXIT;
How to install Node.js on Ubuntu Linux
Since Ghost is based on Node.js, run the commands below to download Node.js version 14 LTS packages from its repository.
sudo apt install curl curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_14.x | sudo bash -
Next, run the commands below to install Node.js and the required packages for Ghost to function. An Nginx webserver will be needed for this. s
sudo apt install nodejs
Next, run the commands below to include and enable the Yarn repository.
curl -sS https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/pubkey.gpg | sudo apt-key add - echo "deb https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/ stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/yarn.list
Once the repository is enabled, install yarn with the following:
sudo apt update sudo apt-get -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-overwrite" install yarn
How to download and install Ghost
We’ll install Ghost using the official Ghost CLI utility. This utility allows you to install or update Ghost in a single command.
Run the commands below to install the Ghost install tool.
sudo yarn global add ghost-cli
We will create a folder for Ghost content in the /var/www/ghost directory. To create the folder, run the commands below.
sudo mkdir -p /var/www/ghost
Next, change the folder ownership to your account so you can run the Ghost tool to download Ghost packages.
sudo chown $USER:$USER /var/www/ghost sudo chmod 775 /var/www/ghost
Next, change into the directory and install Ghost.
cd /var/www/ghost
To start the installation, run the command below. The command will install and configure Ghost, Nginx as a reverse proxy, and secure the site with a free let’s encrypt SSL certificate.
ghost install
You should begin to see Ghost changing for packages that are required. Once all is validated, Ghost should begin downloading its package dependencies to install.
Checking system Node.js version - found v14.18.0
✔ Checking logged in user
✔ Checking current folder permissions
✔ Checking system compatibility
✔ Checking for a MySQL installation
✔ Checking memory availability
✔ Checking free space
✔ Checking for latest Ghost version
✔ Setting up install directory
Downloading and installing Ghost v4.16.0 > Installing dependencies >
Next, set up the database connection with the info created above.
? Enter your blog URL: http://example.com ? Enter your MySQL hostname: localhost ? Enter your MySQL username: ghostadmin ? Enter your MySQL password: [hidden] ? Enter your Ghost database name: ghost ✔ Configuring Ghost ✔ Setting up instance
When asked if you want to set up Nginx, type yes.
Setting up "ghost" system user ℹ Setting up "ghost" mysql user [skipped] ? Do you wish to set up Nginx? Yes + sudo nginx -s reload ✔ Setting up Nginx ? Do you wish to set up SSL? Yes ? Enter your email (For SSL Certificate) [email protected] Running sudo command: mkdir -p /etc/letsencrypt Running sudo command: ./acme.sh --install --home /etc/letsencrypt Running sudo command: /etc/letsencrypt/acme.sh --issue --home /etc/letsencrypt --domain example.com --webroot /var/www/ghost/system/nginx-root --reloadcmd "nginx -s reload" --accountemail [email protected] Running sudo command: openssl dhparam -out /etc/nginx/snippets/dhparam.pem 2048 Running sudo command: mv /tmp/ssl-params.conf /etc/nginx/snippets/ssl-params.conf ✔ Creating ssl config file at /var/www/ghost/system/files/example.com-ssl.conf Running sudo command: ln -sf /var/www/ghost/system/files/example.com-ssl.conf /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com-ssl.conf Running sudo command: ln -sf /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com-ssl.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/example.com-ssl.conf Running sudo command: nginx -s reload ✔ Setting up SSL
When prompted with questions below, choose yes.
Do you wish to set up Systemd? Yes ✔ Setting up Systemd ? Do you want to start Ghost? Yes ✔ Starting Ghost
If all goes well, you should see a complete setup message similar to the one below.
Running sudo command: /var/www/ghost/current/node_modules/.bin/knex-migrator-migrate --init --mgpath /var/www/ghost/current ✔ Running database migrations ? Do you want to start Ghost? Yes Running sudo command: systemctl is-active ghost_example-com ✔ Ensuring user is not logged in as ghost user ✔ Checking if logged in user is directory owner ✔ Checking current folder permissions Running sudo command: systemctl is-active ghost_example-com ✔ Validating config ✔ Checking folder permissions ✔ Checking file permissions ✔ Checking content folder ownership ✔ Checking memory availability Running sudo command: systemctl start ghost_example-com ✔ Starting Ghost Running sudo command: systemctl is-enabled ghost_example-com Running sudo command: systemctl enable ghost_example-com --quiet ✔ Starting Ghost You can access your publication at https://example.com Next, go to your admin interface at https://example.com/ghost/ to complete the setup of your publication Ghost uses direct mail by default To set up an alternative email method read our docs at https://docs.ghost.org/docs/mail-config
After that, open your browser and browse to the Ghost admin interface using the server hostname or IP address followed by /ghost/
https://example.com/ghost/
To get started, click on the Create your account button to create your account and start configuring Ghost.
That should do it!
Conclusion:
This post showed you how to install Ghost CMS on Ubuntu with Nginx. Please use the comment form below if you find any errors above or have something to add.
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