Magento 2, a free (community edition) and powerful eCommerce platform to run your online store, works out of the box after installation. However, to give your students and users the best experience, you may consider using Cloudflare CDN, SSL, and protection.
Cloudflare provides free and paid features that help speed up websites, offers free CDN and SSL services that protect millions of websites and domains online, and many more.
If you’re a student or new user running Magento and want to take advantage of all the great features Cloudflare offers, the steps below should help you get there.
This setup might take a while to complete, and the process below should also work on other websites. It doesn’t have to be Magento. This setup should work on other CMSs and plain HTML sites out of the box.
When you’re ready to set up your server and Cloudflare to use Origin Certificate, follow the steps below:
How to sign up for Cloudflare
The first step in this tutorial is to sign up for a Cloudflare account. This post assumes that you already have registered a domain name. If you don’t, then go and get one before continuing further.
If you already have a Cloudflare account, then skip the registration below.
https://dash.cloudflare.com/sign-up
Type in your email address and click Create Account.
Once the account is created and you’ve verified your email address and logged back into the Cloudflare account, click the button or link (Add a Site) to add a site to your account.
Next, type in the domain name you have registered. Again, Cloudflare service will help speed up and protect the site you add.
Next, Cloudflare will query your domain DNS provider for the records in the DNS table. Cloudflare should find the domain and import the records into its DNS systems if it is online.
After that, select the plan you want to use for the site. For this tutorial, we’re going to be using Cloudflare free plan.
You should see two nameservers provided to you by Cloudflare when you’re done. What you need to do is log on to your domain provider’s portal. Then, where you have your domain, replace the nameservers with the ones Cloudflare gives you.
For example, our example.com site is hosted with Google Domains. Log on to your Google Domains account and select use custom nameservers.
You’ll have the option to enter the nameservers provided by Cloudflare. Save your changes when you’re done.
Once you’ve saved your custom nameservers changes, go back to your Cloudflare account and wait for Cloudflare to see the changes. Depending on your domain provider, it takes up to an hour for the DNS changes to be visible on Cloudflare.
Once all is ready, you’ll see your site status as Active.
You should also see your Cloudflare account with DNS entries when everything is done, as shown below. Your DNS records might have more entries than the two below. However, these two entries are the most important for running your website.
After that, click on the Crypto tab and choose to enable Full (strict) SSL. This should turn on SSL for the site.
While still on the Crypto tab, scroll down to Origin Certificates. Then click the button to create the Certificate.
Use the free TLS certificate signed by Cloudflare to install it on your origin server. Origin Certificates are only valid for encryption between Cloudflare and your origin server.
Next, let Cloudflare generate a private key and a CSR for the domain. Click Next.
Then copy a paste these into a text file onto your server.
On Ubuntu, run the commands below to create the Private key, Certificate, and Origin pull files (3 files). Then, copy and paste each content into the respective file. And save.
For the Private key file. Run this, copy and paste the private key given to you into the file and save.
sudo nano /etc/ssl/private/cloudflare_key_example.com.pem
For the certificate file, run this and copy and paste the certificate content into the file and save.
sudo nano /etc/ssl/certs/cloudflare_example.com.pem
You’ll also want to download the Cloudflare Origin Pull certificate. You can download that from the link below:
Set up authenticated Origin pulls · Cloudflare SSL docs
Zone-Level — Cloudflare certificate
Under Zone-level certificate, expand the certificate button, the copy its content.
Next, run the commands below to create an origin-pull-ca.pem file, paste the certificate content into the file below, and save.
sudo nano /etc/ssl/certs/origin-pull-ca.pem
Once done, you should have three files. The cloudflare_key_example.com.pem, cloudflare_example.com.pem and origin-pull-ca.pem.
We will use these files in the Nginx config below.
After saving the key, Certificate, and Origin, pull the certificate files. Continue below.
Still, on the Crypto page in your Cloudflare account, enable Always use HTTPS, and you may also change settings for HSTS but not necessary.
Next, turn on Authenticated Origin Pulls and Opportunistic Encryption, and continue.
Then, turn on Automatic HTTPS Rewrites and continue.
Next, move to the Page Rules tab. Then create a new rule for the site. Then type the URL and choose Always Use HTTPS.
HTTP://* example.com/*
Always Use HTTPS
Save your settings, and you’re done with setting up Cloudflare.
How to Install and Configure Magento
Now that Cloudflare is configured log on to your server and configure Magento. First, install the Apache2 HTTP server since we’re using Apache2 for this post. To install the Apache2 server, run the commands below:
sudo apt update sudo apt install apache2
After installing Apache2, the commands below can be used to stop, start and enable the Apache2 service to always start up with the server boots.
sudo systemctl stop apache2.service sudo systemctl start apache2.service sudo systemctl enable apache2.service
Now that Apache2 is installed open your browser and browse to the URL below to test whether the web server is working.
https://localhost
If you see the page above, then Apache2 is successfully installed.
How to Install MariaDB Database Server
Magento also requires a database server to store its content. MariaDB is a great place to start if you’re looking for a genuinely open-source database server. To install MariaDB run the commands below:
sudo apt-get install mariadb-server mariadb-client
After installing MariaDB, the commands below can stop, start and enable the MariaDB service to start up when the server boots.
Run these on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
sudo systemctl stop mysql.service sudo systemctl start mysql.service sudo systemctl enable mysql.service
Run these on Ubuntu 19.04 and 18.04 LTS
sudo systemctl stop mariadb.service sudo systemctl start mariadb.service sudo systemctl enable mariadb.service
Next, run the commands below to secure the database server with a root password if you were not prompted to do so during the installation.
sudo mysql_secure_installation
When prompted, answer the questions below by following the guide.
- Enter current password for root (enter for none): Press the Enter
- Set root password? [Y/n]: Y
- New password: Enter the password
- Re-enter new password: Repeat password
- Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]: Y
- Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n]: Y
- Remove the test database and access it? [Y/n]: Y
- Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]: Y
Once MariaDB is installed, run the commands below to test whether the database server was successfully installed.
sudo mysql -u root -p
Type the root password when prompted.
The server was successfully installed if you see a similar screen as shown above.
How to Install PHP 7.2 and Related Modules
Magento CMS is a PHP-based CMS, and PHP is required. However, PHP 7.2 may not be available in Ubuntu’s default repositories. To run PHP 7.2 on Ubuntu 16.04 and previous, you may need to run the commands below:
sudo apt-get install software-properties-common sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php
Then update and upgrade to PHP 7.2
sudo apt update
Next, run the commands below to install PHP 7.2 and related modules.
sudo apt install php7.2 libapache2-mod-php7.2 php7.2-common php7.2-gmp php7.2-curl php7.2-intl php7.2-mbstring php7.2-xmlrpc php7.2-mysql php7.2-xsl php7.2-bcmath php7.2-soap php7.2-gd php7.2-xml php7.2-cli php7.2-zip
After installing PHP 7.2, run the commands below to open the PHP default configuration file for Apache2.
sudo nano /etc/php/7.2/apache2/php.ini
The lines below are a good setting for most PHP-based CMS. Update the configuration file with these and save.
file_uploads = On allow_url_fopen = On short_open_tag = On memory_limit = 256M upload_max_filesize = 100M max_execution_time = 360 date.timezone = America/Chicago
Every time you make changes to the PHP configuration file, you should also restart the Apache2 web server. To do so, run the commands below:
sudo systemctl restart apache2.service
Once PHP is installed, create a test file called phpinfo.php in the Apache2 default root directory to test whether it’s functioning. ( /var/www/html/)
sudo nano /var/www/html/phpinfo.php
Then type the content below and save the file.
<?php phpinfo( ); ?>
Next, open your browser and browse to the server’s hostname or IP address followed by phpinfo.php
http://localhost/phpinfo.php
You should see the PHP default test page.
How to Create Magento Database
Once you’ve installed all the packages that Magento can function, continue below to start configuring the servers. First, run the commands below to create a blank Magento database.
To log on to the MariaDB database server, run the commands below.
sudo mysql -u root -p
Then create a database called magento
CREATE DATABASE magento;
Create a database user called magentouser with a new password
CREATE USER 'magentouser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new_password_here';
Then grant the user full access to the database.
GRANT ALL ON magento.* TO 'magentouser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'user_password_here' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Finally, save your changes and exit.
FLUSH PRIVILEGES; EXIT;
How to Download Magento Latest Release
To get Magento 2 latest release, you may want to use the GitHub repository. Install Composer, Curl, and other dependencies to get started.
sudo apt install curl git curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | sudo php -- --install-dir=/usr/local/bin --filename=composer
After installing curl and Composer above, change into the Apache2 root directory and download Magento 2 packages from Github.
When prompted, enter your authentication keys. Your public key is your username; your private key is your password. ( https://marketplace.magento.com/customer/accessKeys/ )
You’ll have to register for an account to create the key above.
cd /var/www/html
sudo composer create-project --repository=https://repo.magento.com/ magento/project-community-edition example.com
Copy and paste the authentication key. (Your public key is your username; your private key is your password)
Output: Authentication required (repo.magento.com): Username: 234f2343435d190983j0ew8u3220 Password: Do you want to store credentials for repo.magento.com in /opt/magento/.config/composer/auth.json ? [Yn] Y
After downloading Magento packages, run the commands below to install Magento 2 with the following options:
cd /var/www/html/example.com sudo bin/magento setup:install --base-url-secure=https://example.com/ --db-host=localhost --db-name=magento --db-user=magentouser --db-password=new_password_here --admin-firstname=Admin --admin-lastname=User --admin-email=admin@example.com --admin-user=admin --admin-password=admin123 --language=en_US --currency=USD --timezone=America/Chicago --use-rewrites=1
- The Magento software is installed in the root directory on localhost. Admin is admin; therefore: Your storefront URL is https://exmaple.com
- The database server is on the same localhost as the webserver.
- The database name is magento, and the magentouser and password is new_passwored_here
- Uses server rewrites
- The Magento administrator has the following properties:
- First and last name are: Admin User
- Username is: admin
- and the password is admin123
- Email address is: admin@example.com
- Default language is: (U.S. English)
- Default currency is: U.S. dollars
- Default time zone is: U.S. Central (America/Chicago)
After that, run the commands below to set the correct permissions for Magento 2 to function.
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/example.com/ sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/example.com/
How to Configure Apache for Magento
Finally, configure the Apache2 site configuration file for Magento. This file will control how users access Magento content. Run the commands below to create a new configuration file called example.com.conf
sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/example.com.conf
Then copy and paste the content below into the file and save it. Replace the highlighted line with your domain name and directory root location.
Also, reference the certificate files created above during Cloudflare setup.
<VirtualHost *:80> ServerName example.com ServerAlias www.example.com </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:443> Protocols h2 http:/1.1 ServerAdmin admin@example.com DocumentRoot /var/www/html/example.com ServerName example.com ServerAlias www.example.com SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/cloudflare_example.com.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/cloudflare_key_example.com.pem SSLCACertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/origin-pull-ca.pem SSLVerifyClient require SSLVerifyDepth 1 <Directory /var/www/html/example.com/> Options FollowSymlinks AllowOverride All Require all granted </Directory> ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined </VirtualHost>
Save the file and exit.
How to Enable the Magento
After configuring the VirtualHost above, please enable it by running the commands below.
sudo a2ensite example.com.conf sudo a2enmod rewrite sudo systemctl restart apache2.service
Next, open your browser and browse to your domain name used above.
https://example.com/
You should see the Magento home page as shown below
Don’t forget to download Cloudflare’s extension for Magento 2 and follow the installation instructions: https://www.cloudflare.com/integrations/magento/
Congratulation! You have successfully installed Magento on Ubuntu 16.04 | 18.04 and may work on the upcoming 18.10.
In the future, when you want to upgrade to a newly released version, run the commands below to upgrade.
Upgrading Magento
First, stop the web server.
sudo systemctl stop apache2
In the future, when you want to upgrade to a newly released version, run the commands below to upgrade.
cd /var/www/html/example.com
sudo bin/magento maintenance:enable
sudo composer require magento/product-community-edition 2.2.5 --no-update
sudo composer update
sudo php bin/magento setup:upgrade
sudo php bin/magento setup:di:compile
sudo php bin/magento indexer:reindex
sudo php bin/magento maintenance:disable
You may have to re-run the to update Apache2 directory permissions.
Congratulations! You have successfully set up the Magento eCommerce platform on Ubuntu with Cloudflare support on Ubuntu 16.04 | 18.04
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